What are FODMAPs, and how do they affect digestion?Updated a month ago

FODMAPs, which stand for Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Monosaccharides And Polyols, are types of carbohydrates that are poorly absorbed in the small intestine and can trigger digestive symptoms, especially in individuals with sensitive guts. They affect digestion through two main mechanisms: by drawing water into the intestine (causing diarrhea) and by being fermented by gut bacteria in the large intestine, producing gas that leads to bloating, abdominal pain, and altered bowel habits — common in individuals with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Studies show that reducing FODMAP intake can significantly improve symptoms for 50-80% of IBS patients. However, FODMAPs are not inherently harmful; they also support gut health by promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, propionate, and acetate. These SCFAs play key roles in providing energy to colonic cells, maintaining gut barrier integrity, and regulating immune responses, highlighting the balance needed when managing FODMAP intake.